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1 Complexity
he derivational theory of complexity-the theory that the number of transformations operating in the grammatical derivation of a sentence provides a measure of the psychological complexity in comprehending or producing the sentence-cannot be sustained. (Bresnan, 1978, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Complexity
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2 complexity theory
Gen Mgtthe theory that random events, if left to happen without interference, will settle into a complicated pattern rather than a simple one. Complexity theory is a development of chaos theory (see chaos). In a business context, it suggests that events within organizations and in the wider economic and social spheres cannot be predicted by simple models but will develop in a seemingly random and complex manner. -
3 complexity
[kəmˈpleksətɪ] plural comˈplexities noun1) the quality of being complex.تَعْقيد2) something complex.شَيء مُعَقَّد -
4 сложность
•The complexity of the reaction...
•The severity of the problem is often influenced by psychological factors.
II•Telescopes of increasing sophistication (or complexity, or intricacy)...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > сложность
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5 вероятность того, что
•The presence of integration in the control logarithm greatly increases the likelihood (or probability) of the system becoming unstable when overdriven.
•This function expresses the probability that a molecule of salt or water will appear in the effluent at a time after the step change.
•The greater the complexity of the compound, the greater is the chance that other absorptions may obscure the 900-670 cm-1 region.
•The likelihood that this collision will result in... depends on...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > вероятность того, что
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6 вероятность того, что
•The presence of integration in the control logarithm greatly increases the likelihood (or probability) of the system becoming unstable when overdriven.
•This function expresses the probability that a molecule of salt or water will appear in the effluent at a time after the step change.
•The greater the complexity of the compound, the greater is the chance that other absorptions may obscure the 900-670 cm-1 region.
•The likelihood that this collision will result in... depends on...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > вероятность того, что
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7 обходить
•The mains supply is connected direct to the instrument circuit, bypassing the fuses and switch.
•Depending on the complexity of the part, it may have to be directed to only two or three of the six machines, bypassing the others.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > обходить
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8 объем работы
The duration of such training was determined by the flight program, by the complexity and the volume of the work assigned to the crews. -
9 продолжительность определяется
The duration of such training was determined by the flight program, by the complexity and the volume of the work assigned to the crews.Русско-английский словарь по космонавтике > продолжительность определяется
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10 Сложность уравнений
Русско-английский словарь по прикладной математике и механике > Сложность уравнений
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11 complicación
f.1 complication, mess, complexity, complicacy.2 complication.* * *1 complication\buscarse complicaciones to make life difficult for oneself* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=problema) complication2) (=cualidad) complexity* * *1)a) (contratiempo, dificultad) complicationb) (Med) complicationc) ( cualidad) complexity2) (esp AmL) ( implicación) involvement* * *= complication, hitch, worsening.Ex. Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.Ex. Keeping pace with these changes may well mean more work than the seven year hitch experienced by DC users.Ex. We have also considered other possible mechanisms to explain the worsening of hypokalemia in this patient.----* libre de complicaciones = hassle-free.* sin complicaciones = smoothly, boilerplate [boiler plate], uncomplicated, straightforward, uncomplicatedly, hassle-free.* surgir una complicación = arise + complication.* * *1)a) (contratiempo, dificultad) complicationb) (Med) complicationc) ( cualidad) complexity2) (esp AmL) ( implicación) involvement* * *= complication, hitch, worsening.Ex: Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.
Ex: Keeping pace with these changes may well mean more work than the seven year hitch experienced by DC users.Ex: We have also considered other possible mechanisms to explain the worsening of hypokalemia in this patient.* libre de complicaciones = hassle-free.* sin complicaciones = smoothly, boilerplate [boiler plate], uncomplicated, straightforward, uncomplicatedly, hassle-free.* surgir una complicación = arise + complication.* * *A1 (contratiempo, dificultad) complicationexiste otra complicación there is a further complicationsurgió una complicación y no pudimos llegar a problem o complication arose and we couldn't get therecon tantas complicaciones prefiero no ir if things are going to be that complicated, I'd rather not go2 ( Med) complication3 (cualidad) complexityla complicación del asunto the complexity of the matterB ( esp AmL) (implicación) involvement* * *
complicación sustantivo femenino
complicación sustantivo femenino complication
' complicación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
lío
English:
complication
- hitch
* * *complicación nf1. [proceso] complication;así sólo se consigue la complicación de la situación that will only complicate matters2. [complejidad] complexity;un problema de gran complicación a very complex problem3. [contratiempo] problem, complication;es una complicación con la que no contábamos it's a problem o complication we hadn't counted on;han surgido varias complicaciones several problems o complications have arisen4. [en enfermedad] complication;si no hay complicaciones, le dan el alta mañana if there are no problems o complications, he'll be discharged tomorrow* * *f complication* * * -
12 macchinosità
macchinosità s.f. complexity, intricacy: la macchinosità di un romanzo, the complexity of a novel; la macchinosità della trama, the intricacy of the plot.* * *[makkinosi'ta]sostantivo femminile invariabile complexity, intricacy* * *macchinosità/makkinosi'ta/f.inv.complexity, intricacy. -
13 problematicità
problematicità s.f. problematic nature; complexity: la problematicità della situazione economica, the complexity of the economic situation; la problematicità di un'opera, the problematic nature (o complexity) of a work. -
14 provocar
v.1 to provoke.El golpe provocó su muerte The blow brought about her death.Sus comentarios provocaron al borracho His comments provoked the drunk.2 to cause, to bring about (causar) (accidente, muerte).provocar las iras de alguien to anger somebodyprovocó las risas de todos he made everyone laughel polvo me provoca estornudos dust makes me sneeze3 to lead on (excitar sexualmente).* * *1 to provoke\provocar el parto to induce birth* * *verb* * *1. VT1) (=causar) [+ protesta, explosión] to cause, spark off; [+ fuego] to cause, start (deliberately); [+ cambio] to bring about, lead to; [+ proceso] to promote2) [+ parto] to induce, bring on3) [+ persona] [gen] to provoke; (=incitar) to rouse, stir up (to anger); (=tentar) to tempt, invite¡no me provoques! — don't start me!
provocar a algn a cólera o indignación — to rouse sb to fury
4) [sexualmente] to rouse2. VI1) LAm (=gustar, apetecer)¿te provoca un café? — would you like a coffee?, do you fancy a coffee?
¿qué le provoca? — what would you like?, what do you fancy?
no me provoca la idea — the idea doesn't appeal to me, I don't fancy the idea
-¿por qué no vas? -no me provoca — "why aren't you going?" - "I don't feel like it"
no me provoca estudiar hoy — I'm not in the mood for studying today, I don't feel like studying today
2) * (=vomitar) to be sick, throw up ** * *1.verbo transitivo1)b) (Med)provocar el parto — to induce labor*
las pastillas le provocaron una reacción cutánea — the pills caused o brought on a skin reaction
2) < persona> ( al enfado) to provoke; ( sexualmente) to lead... on2.¿le provoca un traguito? — do you want a drink?, do you fancy a drink? (BrE colloq)
* * *= provoke, spark off, trigger, induce, bring on, elicit, instigate, tease, evoke, titillate, ignite, rouse, stir up, spark, twit, taunt, tantalise [tantalize, -USA], touch off, set off, hit + a (raw) nerve, strike + a nerve, bring about, precipitate, incite, touch + a (raw) nerve, give + rise to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.Ex. 3 different kinds of paper were deacidified by different aqueous and nonaqueous methods, and then treated to provoke accelerated attack of air pollutants.Ex. Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.Ex. Nevertheless, the fact that these general lists cannot serve for every application has triggered a search for more consistent approaches.Ex. Then, the reference librarian has better justification to buy and perhaps to induce others to contribute to the purchase.Ex. In frequent cases, unionization is brought on by the inept or irresponsible action of management.Ex. This article looks at ways in which librarians in leadership roles can elicit the motivation, commitment, and personal investment of members of the organisation.Ex. The first mass removal of material was instigated by the trade unions and although admitted in 1932 to have been a mistake, the purges proved difficult to stop.Ex. I like to be considered one of the team, to joke with and tease the employee but that sure creates a problem when I have to discipline, correct, or fire an employee.Ex. It is known that in ancient Rome the complexity of the administrative job evoked considerable development of management techniques.Ex. However, some of the central premises of the film are flawed, and the risqué touches, whether racial or erotic innuendo, are primarily there to titillate and make the film seem hot and controversial.Ex. In turn, that change ignited a body of literature that discussed those cataloguers' future roles.Ex. The spirit, if not the content, of Marx can be the joust to rouse the sleepy theory of academic sociology.Ex. The goal of this guidebook is to help writers activate their brains to stir up more and better ideas and details.Ex. The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.Ex. Don't be tempted into twitting me with the past knowledge that you have of me, because it is identical with the past knowledge that I have of you, and in twitting me, you twit yourself.Ex. The writer describes how he spent his school days avoiding bullies who taunted him because he was a dancer.Ex. He may have wished to tease and tantalize his readers by insoluble problems.Ex. This decision touched off a battle of wills between the library and the government as well as a blitz of media publicity.Ex. The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.Ex. Based on their account, it seems obvious that Beauperthuy hit a raw nerve among some of the medical research leaders of the day.Ex. His plethoric prose produced by a prodigious placement of words struck a nerve.Ex. Untruth brings about ill reputation and indignity.Ex. What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.Ex. It is illegal to operate websites inciting terrorism under the Terrorism Act.Ex. Obama's election seems to have touched a raw nerve in conservative white America, unleashing a torrent of right-wing rage unseen in this country.Ex. The method of indexing called post-coordinate indexing gives rise to physical forms of indexes which differ from the more 'traditional' catalogues mentioned above.Ex. That crucial evidence was withheld from the final report could give cause to bring charges of criminal negligence.Ex. Many soldiers took advantage of the impoverished conditions giving occasion to assaults, rapes and murders.----* provocar cambios = wreak + changes.* provocar controversia = arouse + controversy.* provocar el debate = prompt + discussion, spark + debate, stir + debate.* provocar escarnio = evoke + response.* provocar estragos = create + havoc, wreak + havoc, cause + havoc.* provocar estragos en = play + havoc with.* provocar la controversia = court + controversy.* provocar la ira de Alguien = incur + Posesivo + wrath.* provocar menosprecio = evoke + scorn.* provocar sospechas = stir + suspicion.* provocar una crisis = precipitate + crisis.* provocar una guerra = ignite + war, precipitate + war.* provocar una protesta = call forth + protest.* provocar una reacción = cause + reaction, provoke + reaction.* provocar un ataque = provoke + attack.* provocar un cambio = bring about + change.* provocar un debate = ignite + debate.* provocar un diálogo = elicit + dialogue.* provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)b) (Med)provocar el parto — to induce labor*
las pastillas le provocaron una reacción cutánea — the pills caused o brought on a skin reaction
2) < persona> ( al enfado) to provoke; ( sexualmente) to lead... on2.¿le provoca un traguito? — do you want a drink?, do you fancy a drink? (BrE colloq)
* * *= provoke, spark off, trigger, induce, bring on, elicit, instigate, tease, evoke, titillate, ignite, rouse, stir up, spark, twit, taunt, tantalise [tantalize, -USA], touch off, set off, hit + a (raw) nerve, strike + a nerve, bring about, precipitate, incite, touch + a (raw) nerve, give + rise to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.Ex: 3 different kinds of paper were deacidified by different aqueous and nonaqueous methods, and then treated to provoke accelerated attack of air pollutants.
Ex: Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.Ex: Nevertheless, the fact that these general lists cannot serve for every application has triggered a search for more consistent approaches.Ex: Then, the reference librarian has better justification to buy and perhaps to induce others to contribute to the purchase.Ex: In frequent cases, unionization is brought on by the inept or irresponsible action of management.Ex: This article looks at ways in which librarians in leadership roles can elicit the motivation, commitment, and personal investment of members of the organisation.Ex: The first mass removal of material was instigated by the trade unions and although admitted in 1932 to have been a mistake, the purges proved difficult to stop.Ex: I like to be considered one of the team, to joke with and tease the employee but that sure creates a problem when I have to discipline, correct, or fire an employee.Ex: It is known that in ancient Rome the complexity of the administrative job evoked considerable development of management techniques.Ex: However, some of the central premises of the film are flawed, and the risqué touches, whether racial or erotic innuendo, are primarily there to titillate and make the film seem hot and controversial.Ex: In turn, that change ignited a body of literature that discussed those cataloguers' future roles.Ex: The spirit, if not the content, of Marx can be the joust to rouse the sleepy theory of academic sociology.Ex: The goal of this guidebook is to help writers activate their brains to stir up more and better ideas and details.Ex: The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.Ex: Don't be tempted into twitting me with the past knowledge that you have of me, because it is identical with the past knowledge that I have of you, and in twitting me, you twit yourself.Ex: The writer describes how he spent his school days avoiding bullies who taunted him because he was a dancer.Ex: He may have wished to tease and tantalize his readers by insoluble problems.Ex: This decision touched off a battle of wills between the library and the government as well as a blitz of media publicity.Ex: The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.Ex: Based on their account, it seems obvious that Beauperthuy hit a raw nerve among some of the medical research leaders of the day.Ex: His plethoric prose produced by a prodigious placement of words struck a nerve.Ex: Untruth brings about ill reputation and indignity.Ex: What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.Ex: It is illegal to operate websites inciting terrorism under the Terrorism Act.Ex: Obama's election seems to have touched a raw nerve in conservative white America, unleashing a torrent of right-wing rage unseen in this country.Ex: The method of indexing called post-coordinate indexing gives rise to physical forms of indexes which differ from the more 'traditional' catalogues mentioned above.Ex: That crucial evidence was withheld from the final report could give cause to bring charges of criminal negligence.Ex: Many soldiers took advantage of the impoverished conditions giving occasion to assaults, rapes and murders.* provocar cambios = wreak + changes.* provocar controversia = arouse + controversy.* provocar el debate = prompt + discussion, spark + debate, stir + debate.* provocar escarnio = evoke + response.* provocar estragos = create + havoc, wreak + havoc, cause + havoc.* provocar estragos en = play + havoc with.* provocar la controversia = court + controversy.* provocar la ira de Alguien = incur + Posesivo + wrath.* provocar menosprecio = evoke + scorn.* provocar sospechas = stir + suspicion.* provocar una crisis = precipitate + crisis.* provocar una guerra = ignite + war, precipitate + war.* provocar una protesta = call forth + protest.* provocar una reacción = cause + reaction, provoke + reaction.* provocar un ataque = provoke + attack.* provocar un cambio = bring about + change.* provocar un debate = ignite + debate.* provocar un diálogo = elicit + dialogue.* provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* * *provocar [A2 ]vtA1 (causar, ocasionar) to causeun cigarrillo pudo provocar la explosión the explosion may have been caused by a cigaretteuna decisión que ha provocado violentas polémicas a decision which has sparked off o prompted violent controversyno se sabe qué provocó el incendio it is not known what started the fire2 ( Med):provocar el parto to induce labor*las pastillas le provocaron una reacción cutánea the pills caused o brought on a skin reactionel antígeno provoca la formación de anticuerpos the antigen stimulates the production of antibodiesB ‹persona›1 (al enfado) to provoke2 (en sentido sexual) to lead … on■ provocarvi( Andes) (apetecer): ¿le provoca un traguito? do you want a drink?, do you fancy a drink? ( BrE colloq)( refl):se disparó un tiro provocándose la muerte he shot (and killed) himself* * *
provocar ( conjugate provocar) verbo transitivo
1
‹ incendio› to start;
‹ polémica› to spark off, prompt;
‹ reacción› to cause
2 ‹ persona› ( al enfado) to provoke;
( sexualmente) to lead … on
verbo intransitivo (Andes) ( apetecer):◊ ¿le provoca un traguito? do you want a drink?, do you fancy a drink? (BrE colloq)
provocar verbo transitivo
1 (causar) to cause: su decisión fue provocada por..., his decision was prompted by..., provocar un incendio, to start a fire
2 (un parto, etc) to induce: tuvieron que provocarle el vómito, they had to make her vomit
3 (irritar, enfadar) to provoke: no lo provoques, don't provoke him
4 (la ira, etc) to rouse
(un aplauso) to provoke
5 (excitar el deseo sexual) to arouse, provoke
' provocar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
campanada
- desatar
- engendrar
- hacer
- motivar
- organizar
- pinchar
- chulear
- dar
- meter
- parto
- reclamo
- torear
English:
bait
- bring
- bring about
- bring on
- cause
- excite
- fight
- incur
- induce
- instigate
- invite
- prompt
- provoke
- raise
- rouse
- roust
- short-circuit
- spark off
- start
- stir up
- tease
- trigger
- disturbance
- draw
- elicit
- evoke
- short
- spark
- stir
- taunt
- whip
- wreck
* * *♦ vt1. [incitar] to provoke;¡no me provoques! don't provoke me!2. [causar] [accidente, muerte] to cause;[incendio, rebelión] to start; [sonrisa, burla] to elicit;una placa de hielo provocó el accidente the accident was caused by a sheet of black ice;provocar las iras de alguien to anger sb;provocó las risas de todos he made everyone laugh;el polvo me provoca estornudos dust makes me sneeze;su actitud me provoca más lástima que otra cosa her attitude makes me pity her more than anything else3. [excitar sexualmente] to lead on;le gusta provocar a los chicos con su ropa she likes to tease the boys with her clothes♦ viCarib, Col, Méx Fam [apetecer]¿te provoca ir al cine? would you like to go to the movies?, Br do you fancy going to the cinema?;¿te provoca un vaso de vino? would you like a glass of wine?, Br do you fancy a glass of wine?;¿qué te provoca? what would you like to do?, Br what do you fancy doing?* * *v/t1 cause2 el enfado provoke3 sexualmente lead on4 parto induce5:¿te provoca un café? S.Am. how about a coffee?* * *provocar {72} vt1) causar: to provoke, to cause2) irritar: to provoke, to pique* * *provocar vb1. (en general) to cause2. (incendio) to start3. (una persona) to provoke -
15 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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16 cantidad
adv.really (informal). (peninsular Spanish)me gusta cantidad I really like it a lotcorrimos cantidad we did a lot of runningf.1 quantity, amount (medida).¿qué cantidad de pasta hará falta? how much pasta will we need?2 abundance, large number (abundancia).en cantidad in abundance3 number (number).sumar dos cantidades to add two numbers o figures together4 sum (of money) (suma de dinero).* * *1 (gen) quantity; (de dinero) amount, sum► adverbio1 familiar a lot\cantidad de familiar lots of, loads ofen cantidad familiar tons, loadscantidades industriales familiar tons, loads* * *noun f.1) quantity, amount2) sum* * *1. SF1) (=medida) amount, quantityhay que poner la misma cantidad de azúcar que de harina — you have to add the same amount o quantity of sugar as of flour
en cantidad: hemos recibido mercancía en cantidad — we have received huge amounts o quantities of stock
bebo café en cantidades industriales — I drink coffee by the bucketful o by the gallon
cantidad de movimiento — (Fís) momentum
2) [de personas, animales, cosas] number¿has visto la cantidad de discos que tienes? — do you realize just how many records you've got?
3) * (=gran cantidad)a)cantidad de — loads of *
b) LAmcualquier cantidad — * loads *
-¿había mucha gente? -¡cualquier cantidad! — "were there many people?" - "loads!" *
4) [de dinero] sum, amountpor una pequeña cantidad se lo enviamos a su domicilio — for a small sum o amount we'll deliver it to your house
pagaron cantidades millonarias por los derechos de la película — they paid millions for the film rights
5) [de sílaba] quantity2.ADV esp Esp**CANTIDAD Cantidad, como sustantivo, se puede traducir al inglés por amount, number, sum, quantity y figure. ► Cuando cantidad expresa cuánto tenemos, necesitamos u obtenemos de algo se traduce por amount, palabra que se usa en el contexto de nombres incontables: Le preocupaba la cantidad de trabajo que tenía que hacer He was worried about the amount of work he had to do NOTA: Se puede decir a large amount y a small amount, pero es incorrecto decir a big amount o a little amount. ► Cuando hablamos de una cantidad de personas, animales o cosas, (nombres en plural), cantidad se traduce por number. Con la expresión the number of el verbo va en singular y con a number of en plural: En los últimos 30 años la cantidad de consumidores de electricidad ha aumentado en un 50 por ciento In the last 30 years, the number of electricity consumers has risen by 50 per cent Me esperaban una gran cantidad de recibos sin pagar A large number of bills were waiting for me NOTA: Hay que tener en cuenta que con number también podemos utilizar large y small, pero no big ni little. ► Hablando de dinero, cantidad se traduce por sum. Puede aparecer con large, small o huge: Los fabricantes gastan enormes cantidades de dinero en anunciar sus productos Manufacturers spend huge sums of money on advertising their products ► Una cantidad que se puede medir o contar se puede traducir por quantity. Puede ir acompañado de large o small: Quiero un kilo de patatas y la misma cantidad de manzanas I'd like a kilo of potatoes and the same quantity of apples Sólo necesitas una cantidad muy pequeña You only need a very small quantity Amount también es posible en el contexto de sustancias incontables: Sólo necesitas una cantidad muy pequeña You only need a very small amount ► Una cantidad específica, expresada numéricamente, se traduce por figure, que puede aparecer con los adjetivos high y low: Al final se decidieron por una cantidad de veinte mil libras Finally, they decided on a figure of twenty thousand pounds Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entradame gustas cantidad — I like you a lot, I think you're really cool **
* * *IIIsabe cantidad — she/he knows a lot about everything
a) ( volumen) quantityb) ( suma de dinero) sum, amountc) (número, volumen impresionante)no te puedes imaginar la cantidad de gente/de comida que había — you wouldn't believe how many people there were/how much food there was
tiene amigos en cantidad — she has lots o loads of friends (colloq)
tenemos cantidad or cantidades — (fam) we have lots o tons (colloq)
cualquier cantidad de — (AmS) lots of, loads of (colloq)
* * *= bulk, degree, figure, incidence, quantity, amount, count.Ex. The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.Ex. This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.Ex. I do not remember the exact figures, but it was found that about 16 percent of the approaches to the catalog were by way of subject headings.Ex. The number of entries in pre-co-ordinate system will depend upon the incidence of references and multiple entries.Ex. Thus, in a unit entry catalogue all entries contain the same quantity of detail.Ex. Certain processes in a library, such as circulation and reference, are directly related to the amount of personnel.Ex. Not much data beyond loan counts was available and re-keying and remanipulations were frequently needed to make the information useful.----* aumentar en cantidad = increase in + quantity.* aumento de cantidad = increase in quantity.* cantidad a pagar = amount payable, amount due.* Cantidad + aprox = approx. + Cantidad.* cantidad aproximada = ballpark figure, ballpark estimate, ballpark number.* cantidad comprometida = encumbrance, accrual.* cantidad de tiempo = length of time.* cantidad de trabajo = workload [work load].* cantidad devengada = encumbrance, accrual.* cantidades = monies [money, -sing.].* cantidad global = lump sum.* cantidad máxima = cost ceiling.* cantidad presupuestada = budgeted amount.* cantidad simbólica = nominal fee.* comprar en cantidad = stock up.* contener en cantidad = abound in/with.* contener en cantidad + Nombre = contain + its share of + Nombre.* con una inmensa cantidad de = overflowing with.* diferir en cantidad = differ in + degree.* en cantidad = bulk.* en gran cantidad = prodigiously.* en grandes cantidades = en masse, in good number, in record numbers, in bulk.* en menor cantidad = less copiously.* fabricado en cantidad = mass-produced.* gran cantidad de = large crop of, mass of.* grandes cantidades de = storerooms of, huge numbers of, huge numbers of, great numbers of.* ofrecer en cantidad = offer + in quantity.* poca cantidad = trickle.* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.* redondear una cantidad = gross up + figure.* una buena cantidad de = a fair amount of.* una cantidad ingente de = a wealth of.* una cierta cantidad de = a measure of, a proportion of.* una gran cantidad de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a large degree of, a mass of, a plethora of, a supply of, a vast amount of, a city of, a wealth of, a sea of, a cascade of, an army of, a good many, a huge number of, a great number of, a multitude of, scores of, a host of, a vast corpus of, a whole host of.* una gran cantidad y variedad de = a wealth and breadth of.* una inmensa cantidad de = a treasure chest of, a huge number of.* una vasta cantidad de = a vast amount of.* * *IIIsabe cantidad — she/he knows a lot about everything
a) ( volumen) quantityb) ( suma de dinero) sum, amountc) (número, volumen impresionante)no te puedes imaginar la cantidad de gente/de comida que había — you wouldn't believe how many people there were/how much food there was
tiene amigos en cantidad — she has lots o loads of friends (colloq)
tenemos cantidad or cantidades — (fam) we have lots o tons (colloq)
cualquier cantidad de — (AmS) lots of, loads of (colloq)
* * *= bulk, degree, figure, incidence, quantity, amount, count.Ex: The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.
Ex: This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.Ex: I do not remember the exact figures, but it was found that about 16 percent of the approaches to the catalog were by way of subject headings.Ex: The number of entries in pre-co-ordinate system will depend upon the incidence of references and multiple entries.Ex: Thus, in a unit entry catalogue all entries contain the same quantity of detail.Ex: Certain processes in a library, such as circulation and reference, are directly related to the amount of personnel.Ex: Not much data beyond loan counts was available and re-keying and remanipulations were frequently needed to make the information useful.* aumentar en cantidad = increase in + quantity.* aumento de cantidad = increase in quantity.* cantidad a pagar = amount payable, amount due.* Cantidad + aprox = approx. + Cantidad.* cantidad aproximada = ballpark figure, ballpark estimate, ballpark number.* cantidad comprometida = encumbrance, accrual.* cantidad de tiempo = length of time.* cantidad de trabajo = workload [work load].* cantidad devengada = encumbrance, accrual.* cantidades = monies [money, -sing.].* cantidad global = lump sum.* cantidad máxima = cost ceiling.* cantidad presupuestada = budgeted amount.* cantidad simbólica = nominal fee.* comprar en cantidad = stock up.* contener en cantidad = abound in/with.* contener en cantidad + Nombre = contain + its share of + Nombre.* con una inmensa cantidad de = overflowing with.* diferir en cantidad = differ in + degree.* en cantidad = bulk.* en gran cantidad = prodigiously.* en grandes cantidades = en masse, in good number, in record numbers, in bulk.* en menor cantidad = less copiously.* fabricado en cantidad = mass-produced.* gran cantidad de = large crop of, mass of.* grandes cantidades de = storerooms of, huge numbers of, huge numbers of, great numbers of.* ofrecer en cantidad = offer + in quantity.* poca cantidad = trickle.* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.* redondear una cantidad = gross up + figure.* una buena cantidad de = a fair amount of.* una cantidad ingente de = a wealth of.* una cierta cantidad de = a measure of, a proportion of.* una gran cantidad de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a large degree of, a mass of, a plethora of, a supply of, a vast amount of, a city of, a wealth of, a sea of, a cascade of, an army of, a good many, a huge number of, a great number of, a multitude of, scores of, a host of, a vast corpus of, a whole host of.* una gran cantidad y variedad de = a wealth and breadth of.* una inmensa cantidad de = a treasure chest of, a huge number of.* una vasta cantidad de = a vast amount of.* * *( fam):este suéter abriga cantidad this sweater is really warmme gustó el libro cantidad I really liked the book, I liked the book a lotcomimos cantidad we ate tons o loads ( colloq)A1 (volumen) quantityno ha calculado la cantidad de agua que se necesita he has not calculated how much water is needed, he has not calculated the quantity o amount of water that is needed2 (suma de dinero) sum, amountcantidad a abonar amount due3(número, volumen impresionante): había una cantidad de mosquitos impresionante there were an incredible number of mosquitoesno te puedes imaginar la cantidad de gente que había you wouldn't believe how many people there weremira la cantidad de comida que hay look how much food there is, look at the amount of food there istiene amigos en cantidad she has lots o loads of friends ( colloq)compra chocolate en cantidades industriales ( fam); he buys loads of o massive quantities of o huge quantities of chocolate ( colloq)¿tenemos más folletos? — cantidad or cantidades ( fam); have we any more leaflets? — loads o tons ( colloq)B (de un sonido) length* * *
cantidad sustantivo femenino
d) ( volumen impresionante):
¡qué cantidad de gente/de comida había! there were so many people/there was so much food!;
tenemos cantidad or cantidades (fam) we have lots o tons (colloq);
cualquier cantidad de (AmS) lots of, loads of (colloq)
cantidad
I sustantivo femenino
1 quantity
2 familiar (número o porción grande) lots of: tienes cantidad de libros, you have got thousands of books
3 (suma de dinero) amount, sum: puede fraccionar la cantidad a pagar, you can divide the payment
4 (cifra) figure
II adverbio familiar a lot: me duele la cabeza cantidad, my head aches terribly
♦ Locuciones: en cantidad, a lot
familiar cantidades industriales, loads, tons
' cantidad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abundar
- alcanzar
- algo
- andar
- aproximada
- aproximado
- aumentar
- bárbara
- barbaridad
- bárbaro
- bestialidad
- burrada
- carga
- cien
- ciento
- colateral
- consignar
- cuanta
- cuanto
- desorbitada
- desorbitado
- diluvio
- disconforme
- disparate
- elevarse
- ser
- estimable
- exacta
- exacto
- exageración
- exagerada
- exagerado
- existente
- exorbitante
- fuerte
- gasto
- grande
- hasta
- importante
- indemnización
- inferior
- juntar
- kilo
- lágrima
- manta
- mar
- masa
- media
- menos
- miseria
English:
adequate
- allocation
- amount
- appreciable
- assess
- assessment
- awful
- bare
- by
- check
- commensurate
- dash
- decline
- double
- even
- fair
- fall off
- few
- flow
- generous
- gob
- growing
- host
- large
- less
- little
- measure
- measure out
- minus
- nominal
- number
- of
- pay in
- printing
- put away
- quantity
- rainfall
- readership
- respectable
- scoop
- sink
- small
- some
- sparingly
- sufficiency
- sum
- swell
- taste
- workload
- worth
* * *♦ nf1. [medida] quantity, amount;la cantidad de energía que se emite the amount of energy given off;¿qué cantidad de pasta hará falta? how much pasta will we need?2. [abundancia] abundance, large number;Famhabía cantidad de colegas míos allí there were lots of my colleagues there;en cantidad in abundance;Famprepararon comida en cantidades industriales they made food in industrial quantities3. [número] number;sumar dos cantidades to add two numbers o figures together4. [suma de dinero] sum (of money)♦ advEsp Fam really;me gusta cantidad I really like it a lot;corrimos cantidad we did a lot of running;me duele cantidad it really hurts* * *I f quantity, amount;había cantidad de there was (pl were) a lot of;en cantidad in large amounts;tenemos seda en cantidad we have lots of o plenty of silkII adv:es cantidad de barato it’s really cheap;nos divertimos cantidad we had a really great time* * *ese carro me costó cantidad: that car cost me plentycantidad nf1) : quantity2) : sum, amount (of money)había cantidad de niños en el parque: there were tons of kids in the park* * *cantidad1 adv a lotcantidad2 n2. (número) number3. (de dinero) sum / amountcantidad de lots / loads -
17 causar
v.1 to cause.el accidente le causó graves lesiones he was seriously injured in the accidentel huracán causó estragos en la costa the hurricane wreaked havoc on the coastel terremotó causó dos mil muertos two thousand people died in the earthquake, the earthquake killed two thousand peopleEl ácido úrico causa la gota Uric acid causes gout.Ella causó que eso ocurriese She caused that to happen.2 to be caused to.Se nos causó un gran daño A great damage was caused to us.* * *1 (provocar) to cause, bring about2 (proporcionar) to make, give* * *verb1) to cause2) make* * *VT [+ problema, consecuencia, víctima] to cause; [+ impresión] to makela explosión causó heridas a dos personas — the explosion injured two people, the explosion left two people injured
sus declaraciones han causado el efecto esperado — her statements have produced o had the desired effect
•
causar asombro a algn — to amaze sb•
causar emoción a algn — to move sb•
causar extrañeza a algn — to puzzle sb•
causar risa a algn — to make sb laugh* * *verbo transitivo <daños/problema/sufrimiento> to cause; < indignación> to cause, arouse; < alarma> to cause, provoke; < placer> to give* * *= cause, result (in), spark off, inflict, evoke, bring on, bring about, precipitate, give + cause to, give + rise to, give + occasion to.Ex. As usage of the language causes terms to become anachronistic, or as increases in our level of awareness reveal undesirable connotations, we seek to change subject heading terms.Ex. Objective 1 results in what is known as a direct catalogue, because it gives direct access to a specific document.Ex. Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.Ex. This article discusses the budget cuts inflicted on Australian libraries.Ex. It is known that in ancient Rome the complexity of the administrative job evoked considerable development of management techniques.Ex. In frequent cases, unionization is brought on by the inept or irresponsible action of management.Ex. Untruth brings about ill reputation and indignity.Ex. What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.Ex. That crucial evidence was withheld from the final report could give cause to bring charges of criminal negligence.Ex. The method of indexing called post-coordinate indexing gives rise to physical forms of indexes which differ from the more 'traditional' catalogues mentioned above.Ex. Many soldiers took advantage of the impoverished conditions giving occasion to assaults, rapes and murders.----* causar ansiedad = cause + anxiety.* causar buena impresión = impress, come across.* causar confusión = wreak + confusion, cause + confusion.* causar conmoción = cause + a ripple.* causar consternación = cause + consternation.* causar daño = do + harm, be injurious, cause + damage, cause + harm, cause + hurt, bring + harm, inflict + damage.* causar daño corporal = cause + injury.* causar daño material = cause + material injury.* causar daños = cause + erosion.* causar desórdenes = riot.* causar destrozos = wreak + devastation.* causar destrucción = wreak + destruction.* causar dificultad = cause + difficulty.* causar disturbios = riot.* causar estragos = wreak + havoc, ravage, run + amok, cause + havoc, create + havoc, play + havoc with.* causar graves daños a = bring + ruin to.* causar impresión = make + impression.* causar molestias = cause + disruption, inconvenience, cause + inconvenience.* causar muchas víctimas = take + a toll on life.* causar muertos = take + a toll on life.* causar pena = cause + hurt.* causar pérdidas = cause + losses.* causar perjuicio = bring + harm.* causar preocupación = evoke + concern, cause + concern.* causar problemas = cause + problems, cause + trouble, make + trouble.* causar revuelo = cause + a stir, create + a stir.* causar ruina a = bring + ruin to.* causarse daño = bring + disaster on.* causar sensación = be a sensation, cut + a swath(e), cut + a dash, make + heads turn, make + a big noise, cause + a sensation.* causar sensación en el mundo = make + a big noise in the world.* causar sorpresa = cause + an eyelid to bat.* causar una buena primera impresión = make + a good first impression.* causar una crisis = precipitate + crisis.* causar una gran sensación = make + a splash.* causar una guerra = precipitate + war.* causar una impresión = leave + an impression, make + an impression.* causar una primera impresión = make + a first impression.* causar una reacción = cause + reaction.* causar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* causar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons, make + a splash.* que puede causar detención = arrestable.* sin causar daño = harmlessly.* * *verbo transitivo <daños/problema/sufrimiento> to cause; < indignación> to cause, arouse; < alarma> to cause, provoke; < placer> to give* * *= cause, result (in), spark off, inflict, evoke, bring on, bring about, precipitate, give + cause to, give + rise to, give + occasion to.Ex: As usage of the language causes terms to become anachronistic, or as increases in our level of awareness reveal undesirable connotations, we seek to change subject heading terms.
Ex: Objective 1 results in what is known as a direct catalogue, because it gives direct access to a specific document.Ex: Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.Ex: This article discusses the budget cuts inflicted on Australian libraries.Ex: It is known that in ancient Rome the complexity of the administrative job evoked considerable development of management techniques.Ex: In frequent cases, unionization is brought on by the inept or irresponsible action of management.Ex: Untruth brings about ill reputation and indignity.Ex: What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.Ex: That crucial evidence was withheld from the final report could give cause to bring charges of criminal negligence.Ex: The method of indexing called post-coordinate indexing gives rise to physical forms of indexes which differ from the more 'traditional' catalogues mentioned above.Ex: Many soldiers took advantage of the impoverished conditions giving occasion to assaults, rapes and murders.* causar ansiedad = cause + anxiety.* causar buena impresión = impress, come across.* causar confusión = wreak + confusion, cause + confusion.* causar conmoción = cause + a ripple.* causar consternación = cause + consternation.* causar daño = do + harm, be injurious, cause + damage, cause + harm, cause + hurt, bring + harm, inflict + damage.* causar daño corporal = cause + injury.* causar daño material = cause + material injury.* causar daños = cause + erosion.* causar desórdenes = riot.* causar destrozos = wreak + devastation.* causar destrucción = wreak + destruction.* causar dificultad = cause + difficulty.* causar disturbios = riot.* causar estragos = wreak + havoc, ravage, run + amok, cause + havoc, create + havoc, play + havoc with.* causar graves daños a = bring + ruin to.* causar impresión = make + impression.* causar molestias = cause + disruption, inconvenience, cause + inconvenience.* causar muchas víctimas = take + a toll on life.* causar muertos = take + a toll on life.* causar pena = cause + hurt.* causar pérdidas = cause + losses.* causar perjuicio = bring + harm.* causar preocupación = evoke + concern, cause + concern.* causar problemas = cause + problems, cause + trouble, make + trouble.* causar revuelo = cause + a stir, create + a stir.* causar ruina a = bring + ruin to.* causarse daño = bring + disaster on.* causar sensación = be a sensation, cut + a swath(e), cut + a dash, make + heads turn, make + a big noise, cause + a sensation.* causar sensación en el mundo = make + a big noise in the world.* causar sorpresa = cause + an eyelid to bat.* causar una buena primera impresión = make + a good first impression.* causar una crisis = precipitate + crisis.* causar una gran sensación = make + a splash.* causar una guerra = precipitate + war.* causar una impresión = leave + an impression, make + an impression.* causar una primera impresión = make + a first impression.* causar una reacción = cause + reaction.* causar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* causar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons, make + a splash.* que puede causar detención = arrestable.* sin causar daño = harmlessly.* * *causar [A1 ]vt‹daños/problema› to cause; ‹indignación› to cause, arouseel incidente causó gran inquietud the incident caused great uneaseverlo así me causa gran tristeza it makes me very sad o it causes me great sadness o it fills me with sadness to see him like thatme causó muy buena impresión I was very impressed with her, she made a very good impression on meeste premio me causa gran satisfacción ( frml); I am delighted to receive this prizeme causó mucha gracia que dijera eso I thought it was o I found it very funny that she should say that* * *
causar ( conjugate causar) verbo transitivo ‹daños/problema/sufrimiento› to cause;
‹ indignación› to cause, arouse;
‹ alarma› to cause, provoke;
‹ placer› to give;
me causó muy buena impresión I was very impressed with her
causar verbo transitivo to cause, bring about: el desaliño causa mala impresión, untidiness makes a bad impression
le causó buena impresión, he was very impressed by him
me causó mucha alegría, it made me very happy
' causar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
admirar
- alborotar
- caer
- cobrarse
- dar
- darse
- deslumbrar
- determinar
- embarazar
- embriagar
- emocionar
- encandilar
- engordar
- espantar
- estragos
- estropear
- fastidiar
- hacer
- ilusionar
- impresión
- impresionar
- incomodar
- meter
- molestar
- molestia
- montar
- obrar
- parecer
- pesar
- plantear
- producir
- provocar
- repeler
- repercutir
- revolver
- salar
- sembrar
- traer
- trastornar
- turbar
- furor
- motivar
- propiciar
- saber
English:
bother
- cause
- derive
- foul up
- impression
- inflict
- painlessly
- riot
- sensation
- set
- start
- trouble
- wreak
- fire
- mischief
- rise
* * *causar vt[daños, problemas] to cause; [placer, satisfacción] to give;el huracán causó estragos en la costa the hurricane wreaked havoc on the coast;el terremoto causó dos mil muertos two thousand people died in the earthquake, the earthquake killed two thousand people;el accidente le causó graves lesiones he was seriously injured in the accident;causar (una) buena/mala impresión to make a good/bad impression;me causa mucha felicidad saber que se hayan reconciliado it makes me very happy to know they've made up with one another;esta crema a veces causa una sensación de picor this cream sometimes causes an itching sensation* * ** * *causar vt1) : to cause2) : to provoke, to arouseeso me causa gracia: that strikes me as being funny* * *causar vb1. (provocar) to cause2. (proporcionar) to make -
18 confirmar
v.1 to confirm.Ella confirmó los rumores She confirmed the rumors.Ella confirmó el ataque She confirmed the attack.María confirmó a pesar de la carta Mary confirmed despite the letter.2 to ratify, to confirm, to approve, to affirm.María confirmó su asistencia Mary ratified her attendance.3 to confirm to, to prove to.María confirmó hacer de madrina Mary confirmed to act as godmother.* * *1 to confirm1 to be confirmed* * *verb* * *1. VT1) [+ noticia, rumor, temor] to confirmsegún confirmaron fuentes policiales — as police sources confirmed, according to police sources
2) [+ vuelo, cita] to confirmel presidente confirmó su asistencia a la reunión — the president confirmed that he would be attending the meeting
3) (=reafirmar) [+ sentencia] to confirmesta victoria le confirma como el mejor atleta mundial — this win confirms him as the best athlete in the world
4) (Rel) to confirm2.See:* * *verbo transitivo1) <noticia/vuelo> to confirm2) (Relig) to confirm* * *= bear out, confirm, endorse, ratify, reaffirm, substantiate, validate, add + confirmation to, underpin, uphold, speak to, vindicate, affirm.Ex. This instruction bears out the earlier statement that the identification of concepts is related to the subject undergoing indexing.Ex. The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.Ex. These rules follow a general trend in filing practices in endorsing the 'file-as-is' principle outlined below.Ex. The measurement of success or otherwise of these ideas can unfortunately only be ratified once the library has been in use for some considerable time.Ex. Coates started his study of citation order by noting Kaiser's theories of Concrete-Process and reaffirmed this aspect of Kaiser's work.Ex. It can be substantiated that in switching over to new technologies we often have not done this kind of linkage.Ex. The records will be validated by the Library of Congress and the National Library of Canada and regularly included in the MARC Distribution Service for the benefit of libraries that are not members of OCLC.Ex. In these statements, Carnegie added strong confirmation to the librarian's long-held elitist views.Ex. This process is underpinned by a patient-based information system which is timely, accessible and credible to all participants.Ex. The stereotype of the serious novel 'collecting dust on the shelf' was not upheld by research.Ex. These reasons speak to the duties and enduring mores of the professoriate.Ex. The relevance to a local library situation of British Library Lending Division data on periodical usage is vindicated.Ex. This move has probably affirmed the future of DC.----* confirmar la necesidad de = endorse + the need (for/to).* confirmar las dudas = fulfil + doubts.* confirmar que se está en lo cierto = prove + Posesivo + point, make + Posesivo + case.* confirmar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point, make + Posesivo + case.* confirmar una hipótesis = support + hypothesis, validate + hypothesis.* confirmar una observación = bear out + point.* confirmar una sospecha = confirm + suspicion.* excepciones que confirman la regla = exceptions to prove the rule.* por confirmar = to be confirmed.* ser la excepción que confirma la regla = be the exception rather than the rule.* sin confirmar = unconfirmed, unvalidated, to be confirmed.* * *verbo transitivo1) <noticia/vuelo> to confirm2) (Relig) to confirm* * *= bear out, confirm, endorse, ratify, reaffirm, substantiate, validate, add + confirmation to, underpin, uphold, speak to, vindicate, affirm.Ex: This instruction bears out the earlier statement that the identification of concepts is related to the subject undergoing indexing.
Ex: The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.Ex: These rules follow a general trend in filing practices in endorsing the 'file-as-is' principle outlined below.Ex: The measurement of success or otherwise of these ideas can unfortunately only be ratified once the library has been in use for some considerable time.Ex: Coates started his study of citation order by noting Kaiser's theories of Concrete-Process and reaffirmed this aspect of Kaiser's work.Ex: It can be substantiated that in switching over to new technologies we often have not done this kind of linkage.Ex: The records will be validated by the Library of Congress and the National Library of Canada and regularly included in the MARC Distribution Service for the benefit of libraries that are not members of OCLC.Ex: In these statements, Carnegie added strong confirmation to the librarian's long-held elitist views.Ex: This process is underpinned by a patient-based information system which is timely, accessible and credible to all participants.Ex: The stereotype of the serious novel 'collecting dust on the shelf' was not upheld by research.Ex: These reasons speak to the duties and enduring mores of the professoriate.Ex: The relevance to a local library situation of British Library Lending Division data on periodical usage is vindicated.Ex: This move has probably affirmed the future of DC.* confirmar la necesidad de = endorse + the need (for/to).* confirmar las dudas = fulfil + doubts.* confirmar que se está en lo cierto = prove + Posesivo + point, make + Posesivo + case.* confirmar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point, make + Posesivo + case.* confirmar una hipótesis = support + hypothesis, validate + hypothesis.* confirmar una observación = bear out + point.* confirmar una sospecha = confirm + suspicion.* excepciones que confirman la regla = exceptions to prove the rule.* por confirmar = to be confirmed.* ser la excepción que confirma la regla = be the exception rather than the rule.* sin confirmar = unconfirmed, unvalidated, to be confirmed.* * *confirmar [A1 ]vtA1 ‹noticia/sospecha› to confirmes la excepción que confirma la regla it's the exception that proves the rule2 ‹vuelo/regreso› to confirmfue confirmado como director he was confirmed as the new director3 (en una idea, opinión) to confirmesto me confirma en mis temores this confirms my fearsB ( Relig) to confirm* * *
confirmar ( conjugate confirmar) verbo transitivo
to confirm;
confirmar verbo transitivo to confirm
♦ Locuciones: la excepción confirma la regla, the exception proves the rule
' confirmar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
sancionar
- comprobar
- venir
English:
bear out
- confirm
- corroborate
- diagnosis
- so
- validate
- bear
- substantiate
- support
- up
- verify
- vindicate
* * *♦ vt1. [noticia, sospecha] to confirm;esto sólo confirma mis sospechas this simply confirms my suspicions2. [billete, reserva] to confirm;el ministro ha sido confirmado en el cargo the minister has been confirmed in his post3. Rel to confirm* * *v/t confirm* * *confirmar vt: to confirm, to substantiate* * *confirmar vb to confirm -
19 masa
f.1 mass.masa atómica atomic massmasa salarial total wages bill2 throng.en masa en massefabricación o producción en masa mass productionfuimos en masa a escuchar la conferencia a large group of us went to listen to the lecturelas masas the masses3 mixture (mezcla, pasta).4 earth (British), ground (United States) ( electricity and electronics).5 cake. ( River Plate)6 dough.7 bulk, conglomerate, volume.8 crowd, multitude.* * *1 (en general) mass2 FÍSICA mass4 (de gente) mass, crowd5 (mortero) mortar6 ELECTRICIDAD earth, US ground\masa atómica atomic massmasa encefálica brainmasa específica specific mass* * *noun f.1) mass2) dough* * *ISF1) [de pan] doughmasa quebrada — short pastry, shortcrust pastry
3) (=argamasa) mortarIISF1) (=conjunto) mass2) (=volumen) massmasa crítica — (Fís) critical mass; (fig) (=mínimo) requisite number
3) (Sociol)4)en masa — (=en multitud) en masse
5) (Econ)6) (Elec) earth, ground (EEUU)conectar un aparato con masa — to earth o (EEUU) ground an appliance
* * *1) (Coc)a) (para pan, pasta) dough; (para empanadas, tartas) pastry; ( para bizcocho) mixture; ( para crepes) batterb) (RPl) ( pastelito) pastry, cake2) (volumen, conglomerado) mass3) en masaa) (loc adj) <producción/fabricación> mass (before n); < despidos> mass (before n), wholesale (before n)b) (loc adv) < acudir> en masse4) (Pol, Sociol) masscultura/mercado de masas — mass culture/market
5)a) (Fís) massb) (Elec) ground (AmE), earth (BrE)* * *= bulk, lump, mass, dough, pastry, bread dough.Ex. The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.Ex. But the leaven of the principles, promulgated by the International Federation, has not yet penetrated into more than half the lump of documentary material.Ex. He glanced casually at the ill-balanced frontages of the buildings ahead that stretched on and on until they melded in an indistinguishable mass of gray at Laurence Street.Ex. A mixture of dough, using pancake flour, is used to represent the molten state of the earth billions of years ago.Ex. The book covers the following topics: cereals and pastas; vegetables and fruits; breads; desserts and cookies; cakes and icings; and pastry and pies.Ex. Freezing of bread dough is widely applied in food industry.----* acudir en masa = flock, flock in, be out in force, come out in + force.* alcanzar masa crítica = reach + critical mass, achieve + critical mass.* asesino de masas = mass murderer.* atraer en masa = pack 'em in.* coger a Alguien con las manos en la masa = catch + Nombre + red-handed, catch + Nombre + in the act.* comunicación de masas = mass communication.* control de masas = riot control, crowd control.* correo electrónico en masa = bulk e-mails.* cultura de masas = mass culture.* de masas = mass consumer.* deporte de masas = sport of the masses.* en masa = en masse, in bulk, bulk, in droves.* envío de correo electrónico en masa = bulk e-mailing.* envío de mensajes electrónicos en masa = bulk e-mailing.* espectrometría de masas = mass spectrometry.* ídolo de masas = crowd-pleaser.* importación en masa = bulk import.* índice de masa corporal (IMC) = body mass index (BMI).* industria de los medios de comunicación de masas = mass communications industry.* masa choux = choux pastry.* masa confusa = mush.* masa corporal = body mass.* masa crítica = critical mass.* masa de = carpet of.* masa de aire = air mass.* masa de gente = throng.* masa de hojaldre = flaky pastry.* masa de pan = bread dough.* masa en reposo = rest mass.* masa forestal = forest cover.* masa frita = fritter.* masa molecular = molecular mass.* masa popular = mass audience.* masa quebrada = short pastry, shortcrust.* masa quebradiza = shortcrust, short pastry.* masas, las = masses, the, hoi polloi, the.* medios de comunicación de masas = mass media, mass communications media, communications media.* mensajes electrónicos en masa = bulk e-mails.* mercado de masas = consumer market.* mercado de masas, el = mass market, the.* pérdida de masa ósea = bone loss.* pillar a Alguien con las manos en la masa = catch + Nombre + red-handed.* * *1) (Coc)a) (para pan, pasta) dough; (para empanadas, tartas) pastry; ( para bizcocho) mixture; ( para crepes) batterb) (RPl) ( pastelito) pastry, cake2) (volumen, conglomerado) mass3) en masaa) (loc adj) <producción/fabricación> mass (before n); < despidos> mass (before n), wholesale (before n)b) (loc adv) < acudir> en masse4) (Pol, Sociol) masscultura/mercado de masas — mass culture/market
5)a) (Fís) massb) (Elec) ground (AmE), earth (BrE)* * *= bulk, lump, mass, dough, pastry, bread dough.Ex: The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.
Ex: But the leaven of the principles, promulgated by the International Federation, has not yet penetrated into more than half the lump of documentary material.Ex: He glanced casually at the ill-balanced frontages of the buildings ahead that stretched on and on until they melded in an indistinguishable mass of gray at Laurence Street.Ex: A mixture of dough, using pancake flour, is used to represent the molten state of the earth billions of years ago.Ex: The book covers the following topics: cereals and pastas; vegetables and fruits; breads; desserts and cookies; cakes and icings; and pastry and pies.Ex: Freezing of bread dough is widely applied in food industry.* acudir en masa = flock, flock in, be out in force, come out in + force.* alcanzar masa crítica = reach + critical mass, achieve + critical mass.* asesino de masas = mass murderer.* atraer en masa = pack 'em in.* coger a Alguien con las manos en la masa = catch + Nombre + red-handed, catch + Nombre + in the act.* comunicación de masas = mass communication.* control de masas = riot control, crowd control.* correo electrónico en masa = bulk e-mails.* cultura de masas = mass culture.* de masas = mass consumer.* deporte de masas = sport of the masses.* en masa = en masse, in bulk, bulk, in droves.* envío de correo electrónico en masa = bulk e-mailing.* envío de mensajes electrónicos en masa = bulk e-mailing.* espectrometría de masas = mass spectrometry.* ídolo de masas = crowd-pleaser.* importación en masa = bulk import.* índice de masa corporal (IMC) = body mass index (BMI).* industria de los medios de comunicación de masas = mass communications industry.* masa choux = choux pastry.* masa confusa = mush.* masa corporal = body mass.* masa crítica = critical mass.* masa de = carpet of.* masa de aire = air mass.* masa de gente = throng.* masa de hojaldre = flaky pastry.* masa de pan = bread dough.* masa en reposo = rest mass.* masa forestal = forest cover.* masa frita = fritter.* masa molecular = molecular mass.* masa popular = mass audience.* masa quebrada = short pastry, shortcrust.* masa quebradiza = shortcrust, short pastry.* masas, las = masses, the, hoi polloi, the.* medios de comunicación de masas = mass media, mass communications media, communications media.* mensajes electrónicos en masa = bulk e-mails.* mercado de masas = consumer market.* mercado de masas, el = mass market, the.* pérdida de masa ósea = bone loss.* pillar a Alguien con las manos en la masa = catch + Nombre + red-handed.* * *A ( Coc)1 (para pan, pasta) dough; (para empanadas, tartas) pastry; (para bizcocho) mixture; (para crepes) batterCompuesto:puff pastryB (volumen, conglomerado) massuna masa de agua/aire a mass of water/airuna enorme masa forestal a huge expanse of forestun aumento de peso y de masa muscular an increase in weight and bulkCompuestos:atomic massmoney supplypayrollCen masa: producción/fabricación en masa mass productiondespidos de trabajadores en masa mass o wholesale redundancieshubo emigraciones en masa hacia el Nuevo Mundo huge waves of emigrants headed for the New Worldtodos acudieron en masa a recibirlo they all went en masse to meet himno llega a la gran masa de la población it does not reach the great mass of the populationeducar a las masas to educate the massesderiva a or hace masa it goes to ground o earthlo derivaremos a masa we shall connect it to ground o earth, we shall ground o earth it* * *
masa sustantivo femenino
1 (Coc)
(para empanadas, tartas) pastry;
( para bizcocho) mixture;
( para crepes) batter;
2 (Pol, Sociol, Fís) mass;
3◊ en masa
masa sustantivo femenino
1 Fís mass
2 Culin dough, pastry
3 (gran cantidad) mass
una gran masa de agua, a great volume of water
4 (personas) mass
cultura de masas, mass culture
en masa, en masse: sus admiradores acudieron en masa a su entierro, his fans attended en masse to his funeral
' masa' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cocer
- conglomerado
- mano
- moldear
- pegote
- toda
- todo
- airear
- consistencia
- consistente
- esponjoso
- homogéneo
- ligero
- pasta
- pastel
- pastoso
- plasta
- reposar
- trabajar
English:
act
- arms race
- bulk
- catch
- dough
- dumpling
- en masse
- evenly
- flaky pastry
- mainland
- mass
- paste
- pastry
- red-handed
- roll
- roll out
- strength
- batter
- body
- cake
- flaky
- flock
- into
- main
- money
- red
- short
- sour
- troop
* * *masa nf1. [en general] mass;las grandes masas de agua de la Tierra the major expanses of water on the EarthMeteo masa de aire air mass;masa atómica atomic mass;masa crítica critical mass;masa molecular molecular mass;Econ masa monetaria money supply;masa salarial total wage bill2. [mezcla, pasta] mixture3. [de pan, bizcocho] dough4. [multitud] crowd;al poco tiempo se formó una masa de curiosos a crowd of onlookers quickly formed5.las masas [el pueblo] the masses6.en masa en masse;los fusilamientos en masa de disidentes the mass execution by firing squad of dissidents;fuimos en masa a escuchar la conferencia a large group of us went to listen to the lecture;el pueblo acudió en masa a recibir a los héroes the town turned out en masse to welcome the heroes7. Fís massmasa específica specific mass9. RP [pastelito] cakemasa seca = biscuit served with tea or coffee* * *f1 ( volumen) mass;en masa en masse2 GASTR dough;pillar a alguien con las manos en la masa fam catch s.o. red-handed3:* * *masa nf1) : mass, volumemasa atómica: atomic massproducción en masa: mass production2) : dough, batter3) masas nfpl: people, masseslas masas populares: the common people4)* * *masa n1. (en general) mass2. (de pan) dough3. (de tarta) pastry -
20 simple
adj.1 simple (sin componentes).2 simple (sencillo, tonto).3 simple, easy.es muy simple, metes la moneda y ya está it's quite simple, all you have to do is insert the coin4 mere (mero).por simple estupidez through sheer stupiditynos basta con su simple palabra his word is enough for us by itselfno le pedí más que un simple favor all I asked him for was a favor5 prime (Mat).f. & m.simpleton (person).* * *► adjetivo1 (gen) simple2 (único) single, just one3 (mero) mere4 (persona) simple, simple-minded1 simpleton\por simple descuido through sheer carelessness* * *adj.1) mere2) simple* * *1. ADJ1) (=sin adornos) [peinado, objeto] simple; [vestido, decoración] plain2) [método] simple, easy, straightforward3) [antes de sustantivo] (=mero) mere4) [antes de sustantivo] (=corriente) ordinaryes un simple abogado — he's only o just a solicitor
5) [persona] (=sin complicaciones) simple; (=crédulo) gullible; pey (=de pocas luces) simple-minded6) (Ling, Quím) simple7) (Bot) single2.SMF (=persona) simpleton3.SMPL pl simples (Tenis) singles; (Bot) simples* * *I1)a) (sencillo, fácil) <sistema/procedimiento> simpleno puede ser más simple — it couldn't be (any) simpler o more straightforward; llanamente
b) (Quím) < sustancia> simplec) (Ling) < tiempo> simple2) (delante del n) ( mero) simple3) ( tonto) simple, simple-mindedIImasculino y femenino simpleton* * *= mere, non-intellectual, pure [pure -comp., purest -sup.], sheer [sheerer -comp., sheerest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], single, straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, low-key [low key], schematic, simple-minded, uncluttered, unsophisticated, naked, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, hassle-free, no-brainer.Ex. Contextual logic or proximity operators: these are a useful means of searching for more than the mere occurrence of a term; they also permit the searcher to specify the context in which the term should appear in some sense or other.Ex. The picture of the self-improvement-oriented readers contrasts sharply with the typical adult user who asks quite non-intellectual questions at the reference desk.Ex. The notation used in DC is pure, and numbers.Ex. The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.Ex. Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.Ex. Equally important was the desire to achieve a single text.Ex. Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.Ex. Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.Ex. Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.Ex. Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.Ex. None of this is ever as schematic and neatly arranged, step-by-step, as my discussion of it here makes it seem = Nunca nada de esto es tan simple, bien ordenado y secuencial como lo hago parecer.Ex. Granted the seemingly simple-minded examples that have been used, such as changing NEGROES to AFRO-AMERICANS and BLACKS, appear fairly straightforward.Ex. Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.Ex. Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.Ex. Everything in this book is set down without reference to context, or author's intention, or the naked facts and figures, or the difference between one kind of writing and reading and another.Ex. Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.Ex. It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.Ex. Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.Ex. Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.Ex. Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.Ex. Recycling is a no-brainer since it conserves our natural resources and reduces air pollution.----* a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.* búsqueda simple = simple search.* de una forma simple = in a simple manner.* de una manera simple = in a simple manner.* hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.* interés simple = simple interest.* las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.* simple ciudadano, el = man-on-the-street, man in the street, the.* simple mortal = lesser mortal.* simple y llanamente = just plain, plainly and simply.* tan simple como = with as little ado as.* unidad simple = singleton.* * *I1)a) (sencillo, fácil) <sistema/procedimiento> simpleno puede ser más simple — it couldn't be (any) simpler o more straightforward; llanamente
b) (Quím) < sustancia> simplec) (Ling) < tiempo> simple2) (delante del n) ( mero) simple3) ( tonto) simple, simple-mindedIImasculino y femenino simpleton* * *= mere, non-intellectual, pure [pure -comp., purest -sup.], sheer [sheerer -comp., sheerest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], single, straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, low-key [low key], schematic, simple-minded, uncluttered, unsophisticated, naked, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, hassle-free, no-brainer.Ex: Contextual logic or proximity operators: these are a useful means of searching for more than the mere occurrence of a term; they also permit the searcher to specify the context in which the term should appear in some sense or other.
Ex: The picture of the self-improvement-oriented readers contrasts sharply with the typical adult user who asks quite non-intellectual questions at the reference desk.Ex: The notation used in DC is pure, and numbers.Ex: The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.Ex: Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.Ex: Equally important was the desire to achieve a single text.Ex: Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.Ex: Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.Ex: Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.Ex: Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.Ex: None of this is ever as schematic and neatly arranged, step-by-step, as my discussion of it here makes it seem = Nunca nada de esto es tan simple, bien ordenado y secuencial como lo hago parecer.Ex: Granted the seemingly simple-minded examples that have been used, such as changing NEGROES to AFRO-AMERICANS and BLACKS, appear fairly straightforward.Ex: Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.Ex: Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.Ex: Everything in this book is set down without reference to context, or author's intention, or the naked facts and figures, or the difference between one kind of writing and reading and another.Ex: Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.Ex: It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.Ex: Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.Ex: Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.Ex: Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.Ex: Recycling is a no-brainer since it conserves our natural resources and reduces air pollution.* a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.* búsqueda simple = simple search.* de una forma simple = in a simple manner.* de una manera simple = in a simple manner.* hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.* interés simple = simple interest.* las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.* simple ciudadano, el = man-on-the-street, man in the street, the.* simple mortal = lesser mortal.* simple y llanamente = just plain, plainly and simply.* tan simple como = with as little ado as.* unidad simple = singleton.* * *A1 (sencillo, fácil) ‹sistema/procedimiento› simpleel mecanismo no puede ser más simple the mechanism couldn't be (any) simpler o more straightforwardla solución es muy simple the solution is very simplees una dieta simple pero completa it's a simple but complete diet2 ( Quím) ‹sustancia› simple3 ( Ling) ‹tiempo› simpleB ( delante del n) (mero) simpleun simple error puede causar un accidente a simple mistake can cause an accidentno es más que un simple resfriado it's just a common coldera un simple soldado he was an ordinary soldierC (tonto, bobo) simple, simple-mindedes muy simple, pero buena persona he's rather simple o simple-minded, but he's a nice personno seas simple ¿no ves que así no haces nada? don't be silly o ( BrE colloq) daft, can't you see you won't get anywhere like that?simpleton* * *
simple adjetivo
1 (sencillo, fácil) simple;
See also→ llanamente
2 ( delante del n) ( mero) simple;◊ el simple hecho de … the simple fact of …;
es un simple resfriado it's just a common cold;
un simple soldado an ordinary soldier
3 ( tonto) simple, simple-minded
■ sustantivo masculino y femenino
simpleton
simple
I adjetivo
1 (sencillo) simple: estos ejercicios son muy simples, these exercises are very easy
una cámara de simple manejo, an easy-to-use camera
2 Ling Quím (no complejo, no compuesto) simple
oración simple, simple sentence
3 (mero, tan solo) mere, pure: somos simples espectadores, we are mere observers
fue simple casualidad, it was pure coincidence
pey es un simple secretario, he's just a secretary
4 (cándido, sin malicia) naive, innocent
pey (tonto) simple-minded, half-witted, foolish
II m (ingenuo, inocente) innocent, naive person
pey (simplón, tonto) simpleton, half-wit
' simple' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
babosa
- baboso
- bendita
- bendito
- boba
- bobalicón
- bobalicona
- bobo
- borrica
- borrico
- clavar
- compuesta
- compuesto
- hincapié
- idea
- lila
- llaneza
- mayoría
- pánfila
- pánfilo
- pardilla
- pardillo
- preferir
- sencilla
- sencillo
- simpleza
- triste
- vista
- hechura
- llanamente
- mero
- pretérito
- puro
- ya
English:
ago
- arithmetic
- dowdy
- gravestone
- mere
- naked
- plain
- simple
- simple interest
- simple-minded
- simple-mindedness
- single-spacing
- basic
- simply
- unsophisticated
* * *♦ adj1. [sencillo, tonto] simple2. [fácil] easy, simple;es muy simple, metes la moneda y ya está it's quite simple, all you have to do is insert the coin3. [sin complicación] simple;una decoración simple a simple decoration4. [único, sin componentes] single;dame una simple razón give me one single reasonno le pedí más que un simple favor I merely asked her a favour;nos basta con su simple palabra his word is enough for us by itself;por simple estupidez through sheer stupidity6. Mat prime7. Quím simple♦ nmf[persona] simpleton* * *I adj1 ( fácil) simple2 ( mero) ordinaryII m/f simpleton* * *simple adj1) sencillo: plain, simple, easy2) : pure, merepor simple vanidad: out of pure vanity3) : simpleminded, foolishsimple n: fool, simpleton* * *simple adj1. (sencillo) simple2. (solamente) just
См. также в других словарях:
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